VIETNAM STOCK SCULPTURE

 

                    In the traditional artistic heritage, sculpture has a history of continuous development and casting her image and people of Vietnam each domain, each time, although the bride's family.

Under the bright sky of the two cultures of India and neighboring China, sometimes people forget this legacy, and if you know they are considered as the effects of mental derivative India - China and nothing huge compared even with the Khmer neighbors. Nature of any sand appeared in the history of the country formed a long-term, the multi-ethnic, ethnic Vietnamese side blocks the majority of the background makes the picture very diverse sculpture can see the sculpture department as follows:

1. Sculpture kingdom of Funan and Chenla in the South;

2. Champa Sculpture in Central South;

3. Great sculpture in northern Vietnam;

4. The tomb sculptures of Native Highlands.

The influence of Hinduism mainly in Central and South, do not pass beyond the dominant deep level and nervous system in Funan and Champa sculpture. The effects of three religions Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana Buddhism in China at the line to the south. However, language arts exchanges still occur, at least visible during the Ly - Tran with the collaboration of artists Champa. Closed life of rural North has mobile support a humane spirit of art - which featured religious sculptural beauty of the portraits shown in the calculation of its farmers. Smoke despite constant war, each village is a cluster of family preservation - the temple - the temple with many Buddha statues and reliefs.

                                                                                                         

 

               Sculpture prehistory: Time history of Vietnam is calculated from the mountain culture and thirty thousand years ago to the Dong Son culture 2,500 years ago. This period must have all the cultural activities may be divided clearly, let alone art. Can not have a history of the sculpture, but only the expression is the only sculpture. Notably the carvings on the cave where (Lac Thuy, Hoa Binh) 10,000 years ago, people carved on three sides and an interesting face in a brief, on top there was a horn or feathers. Peace people have seen his face but was not clear whether wisdom disguised as hunting animals a generalization. The pottery and stone a few inches smaller sites appear in Phung Nguyen, Dong Dau and Go Mun just like the shape decorated with ornaments and mounted work tools. To the Dong Son culture, famous for the bronze drum, a small sculpture associated with international air map, Household subtly beautiful in the aesthetic of violence. These are the officers who changes into a dagger, the statues of elephants, frogs, deer, turtles on the drums, low and warm bronze. Especially the four pairs of mating male and female subjects on the lower lid Dao Thinh with a vision of prosperity. Sun worship, ceremonial funeral for a season or dominant negative effects over the Dong Son bronze drum carving, sculpture also emphasized the role clearly shapes of musical instruments, furniture and gas sectors. Sculpture Prehistory completely pure Vietnamese before the invasion from the North came down.

 

             The tomb sculpture Highlands: In the province of Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Lam Dong occupied the western highlands of Central Vietnam, if the plateau as the spread of the mountains, the Central Highlands broader. Where there is no clear reason to reserve a vibrant culture of the ethnic origin and Aboriginal Multi Island Southeast Asia. Language System Mon - Khmer and Malayo - Polinesia play a major role in language as well as Highland solemn funeral practices common in the population that the island around the globe equator. Typical holiday house code and the tomb of Gia Rai and Ba Na. In it, the fence around the tomb sculpture is very important. The male - female sex, the pregnant woman, who sat crying statues, statues of animals and birds were carved with fine to deep spiritual afterlife where the soul will come back to the ancestors and grandparents. Funeral boat is attached to the roof of the tomb. Klao column, the column Kut lead souls to Heaven was built in music gong, gong and bass hero plaintively.

 

                 Champa sculpture: Kingdom of Champa formed in South Central, divided into a number of natural areas with strips of coastal plain is Amaravati (Quang Nam), Vijaya (Binh Dinh), Kauthara (Nha Trang) and Paduranaga (Phan Rang). The link between the two clans and Coconut Can lead to a feudal state in Hinduism is full of conflict and aggression. Champa people hidden in his creative energy is abundant and powerful as well as their desire for war. From the second century as the kingdom's early, but the Chinese called Lin Hamlet. Century, but had to wait 7-8 architectural art and sculpture Champa became vibrant with new Buddhist movements of Hinduism and spread throughout Southeast Asia. Champa tower of brick without mortar, often with a gate, a tower desk side of the boat, a main tower block in the center expands beyond high in many corners and surround zones. They are often mounted on a relief carving of Siva or the Apsara nymph. Back door to the south or southeast. Tower located in the heart of worship Linga and Yoni symbol (penis and clitoris). Sculpture round objects are arranged in harmony with the surrounding architecture and, depending on the tower that features chiseled the statue. It is often divided into six Champa art major phases: 1. My Son E1 (the first half of 8th century), 2. Hoa Lai (first half ninth century), 3. Dong Duong (late 9th century), 4. Tra Kieu (late 9th century 10th century); 5. Germ towers (12th century - 13), 6. Poklaung GiaLai (late 13th century, 14 to 16). Le Thanh Tong in 1470 definitively pacify the South, then is the Southward of the Nguyen Lords, the art of Champa and Funan - Chenla leaving only the unique heritage with a glorious past.

 

Ly Sculpture (1010 - 1225): Dai Vietnam became an independent nation, after the mighty throne and Ly Cong Uan moved the capital from Hoa Lu to Thang Long. Buddhism the national religion to the level of development, as historian Le Van Huu said "more than half the people are Buddhist monks, in the country where temples also." The Buddhist center in Quang Ninh, Ha Nam Ninh and Bac Ninh in particular, is home to the Ly-style building massive form of Southeast Asian architecture, accompanied by a background of Buddhist sculpture. Ly temples usually have 4 levels deep under the mountains and gradually, or are present in the square, circle, center is the tallest tower is located in the Buddha. Statue of Amida Buddha Temple Built in 1057 as the first works of the Buddhist world in the northern eternity. The Diamond Long Doi pagoda statue, the head of his birds, carved panels Ba Pagoda, Temple Chapter Son had agreed a fullness of spirit, individuality was gone after layer of lace decorated with dense surface . Column represents not dare (1086) borrowed from Linga icon - Yoni Champa, the work is massive 5.4 m high are magnificent. The spirit of Zen Li dominated the moderate and strong inside of the sculpture has an overview of the whole, carefully detailed in the vy public buildings from which the Zen masters degree is can "Hu on a cold English heaven" (Hanh Dao).

 

Sculpture Tran Dynasty (1225 - 1400): The replacement of Li Chen decline in the growth rise of feudal Vietnam. Three times against the Ngyen - Mongolia won, Jiangshan conservation has created a majestic glory for the nation and imbued with the literary art of war on the other hand repeatedly devastated the country, arts activities are limited, ultimately filling the regime will vanish in the fief reform of Ho Quy Ly in the late 14th century. Although not huge temples, but Buddhism is still prevalent. Buddhist sculpture is yet to find any statues, but also left many stone lotus pedestal box located on the World Three (past - present - future) at the Thay Pagoda, Boi Khe Pagoda Temple, Duong Lieu . Wood carvings architectural ornaments found at Pho Minh Pagoda (Nam Dinh), Thai Lac Pagoda (Hung Yen) with the theme "Dragon adoration is to", "maiden offering of flowers", "First female solo music," " fairy incense. " Management style harmony has changed, Chen powerful style, and general interest to the fluctuations of the overall structure rather than the description. In the Tran dynasty tombs, stone sculptures are mainly the people, the god of animal keepers and adoration for the world's eternal king beauty and vivid contemplation. Tiger statue at the shrine Tran Thu, buffaloes and dogs on the prism Tran Hien Tong, the most important shrine in the way of Tran Anh Tong was the first tomb sculpture in Vietnam, but the shape is always associated with the determination of not time architectural ensemble cast.

 

Sculptor Le Site (1428 - 1527): In the hundred years of the Le So Dynasty, Buddhism has been pushed back to the villages, to the throne and the Confucian agricultural economic relations landowners - farmers also found achieved. In addition to the three stone statues Visit Jade Pagoda (Bac Ninh) to present images of Buddhist sculpture very faint Le Site. Instead, the sculpture of the tomb of King Le at Lam Son (Thanh Hoa). King Le lull her queen and two are in the form of the tomb of King Le Thai To do in 1433, with a square face, the middle is the god of the roads leading to the grave at the bottom of the tomb, the two sides are two rows of statues flanking most important, unicorn, rhinoceros, horse, tiger. Outside the mausoleum is the beer. Other villages are similar, although the animals had little change adoration. After 20 years of war with the Ming Dynasty (1407-1427), the country became deserted, with just scoop animal production, books were burned, temples were destroyed, skilled workers were brought to China. King Le had to use the neighboring farmers statuary, built mausoleum. Carpenter calculation, simple, economical needs of a regime that has led to a new up sculptural background monotonous, poor, although the overall architecture eyes pretty special.